Skip to main content

What is the Evidence Hierarchy? (#25)

The evidence hierarchy lists various study types according to the quality of evidence that they produce. Study types expected to deliver good quality, reliable, applicable research are at the top of the pyramid.

Different study types can be used to research different types of problems. Study types have key characteristics that define them. These characteristics may affect the quality of the study such as whether the study is prone to bias or how accurate the results will be. These are things to consider when you are deciding to include a paper as part of your evidence.

Image showing the Evidence Hierarchy pyramid - with case reports at the bottom and systematic reviews at the top; the quality of evidence increases up the pyramid
Image showing the Evidence Hierarchy pyramid - with case reports at the bottom and systematic reviews at the top; the quality of evidence increases up the pyramid

As we have seen with our other evaluation tools, it is not about deciding whether a paper is good or poor but whether it is good, reliable and appropriate to answer your question.

Learn more about the Evidence Hierarchy and study types by completing our online tutorial.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Hot Topic! Asthma

 The BBC recently reported on the news that advice for inhaler use has changed for people with asthma. This follows the release of this news item “ 'I no longer feel asthmatic': more than a million people now using new style inhalers ” by NICE. What do you know about this debilitating condition?   Check these resources for an overview, key points, diagnosis, treatment options, follow-up and more. [You will need your NHS OpenAthens username to access these resources] BMJ Best Practice – Acute asthma exacerbation in children , Acute asthma exacerbation in adults Clinical Key (available to UHNM only) – Asthma in Pregnancy: Management , Asthma-COPD Overlap Clinical Knowledge Summaries – Asthma Oxford Medicine Online – Chapter Respiratory Emergencies in Oxford Handbook of Emergency Nursing, Chapter Therapy-related issues: respiratory system in Oxford Handbook of Clinical Pharmacy Patient Information How can I tell when my child's asthma is getting out of...

Hot Topic! Ebola

 News about the ebola virus continues, including this article from the BBC about healthcare workers Ebola outbreak: How health workers are treating patients and staying safe in DR Congo - BBC News Check these resources for an overview, key points, diagnosis, treatment options, follow-up and more. [You will need your NHS OpenAthens username to access these resources] BMJ Best Practice – Ebola disease Clinical Key (available to UHNM only) – Ebola Virus Disease Cochrane Library systematic reviews – Interventions to support the resilience and mental health of frontline health and social care professionals during and after a disease outbreak, epidemic or pandemic: a mixed methods systematic review (2020) Oxford Medicine Online – Chapter Emerging infectious diseases in Oxford textbook of health protection: principles and practice (2026) Patient Information Ebola [BMJ BP] Ebola virus infection: what to know [Clinical Key] Selected articles from our journal collection Combining v...

A World Cup OrthoEvidence Update

 Did you notice a football World Cup is on? Lots of fun-filled football until Sunday 19th July, with 48 teams and over 100 matches ( Wikipedia, 2026 ). Why does the Health Library care? We support your interest in sports medicine and musculoskeletal conditions. OrthoEvidence – our specialist orthopaedic / musculoskletal resource – is thinking about the players and the impact of sports injuries. Their recent “The Pulse: a World Cup ortho-update” bulletin highlights 2 concerns: The effectiveness of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs Training to stay in the game: ACL prevention programs Anyone who plays sports knows how devastating an ACL rupture can be. To avoid the negative outcomes associated with it, a host of ACL injury preventions have been released over the last few years. But how truly effective are these programs? In a recent meta-analyses published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine, including 18 articles and over 25,000 athletes, the eviden...